Factors Influencing Pedestrian Traffic Collision in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis

This study aimed to explore experts' perspectives on the factors influencing pedestrian traffic collisions in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis with an inductive approach from September 2023 to March 2024. Twenty-six experts were purposefully selected from across Iran. Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews, guided by a semi-structured interview, developed by a panel of experts and contained open-ended questions. Data analysis was performed manually using the Graneheim and Lundman approach (2004). To ensure trustworthiness, four strategies proposed by Lincoln and Guba were employed.

The results revealed two main categories: direct factors and underlying factors, comprising nine subcategories. Direct factors included five subcategories: driver, pedestrian, roads and streets, vehicle, and geographic factors. Underlying factors included four subcategories: governance factors, social determinants, cultural conditions, and economic status.

The study identified key risk factors associated with pedestrian collisions according to experts' experiences. We recommend further qualitative studies to explore high-risk behaviors among pedestrians and drivers in depth. Additionally, systematic reviews should examine strategies employed by developing and successful countries to prevent or reduce pedestrian collisions.