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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
10:41

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

Published on: April 5, 2018

Establishment of epigenetic patterns in development.

Martin Leeb1, Anton Wutz

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.

Chromosoma
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic regulation maintains cell identity during development. Multiple mechanisms cooperate to repress developmental genes, ensuring stable cell differentiation and preventing errors.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular identity is established early in development and maintained throughout life.
  • Epigenetic regulation, including transcription factors and chromatin modifications, stabilizes gene expression patterns.
  • Disruptions in epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease and cellular transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of epigenetic regulation in early mouse embryonic development.
  • To highlight the cooperative functions of various epigenetic mechanisms in repressing developmental regulators.
  • To explore the concept of epigenetic memory in lineage decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on Polycomb group complexes and DNA methylation in mouse embryos.
  • Analysis of research on chromatin regulators in development.
  • Examination of studies in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Multiple epigenetic mechanisms cooperate to repress critical developmental regulators.
  • Some chromatin modifications act in parallel, while others repress genes at different differentiation stages.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms in stem cells repress lineage-specific genes and prevent extraembryonic differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is crucial for maintaining stable cell identities during development.
  • Understanding epigenetic memory in early development informs adult stem cell differentiation.
  • Further research is needed to explore the roles of many chromatin regulators.