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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Published on: April 29, 2010

Collaborative coupling between polymerase and helicase for leading-strand synthesis.

Maria Manosas1, Michelle M Spiering, Fangyuan Ding

  • 1Département de Physique, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75005, France.

Nucleic Acids Research
|March 22, 2012
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Summary

The bacteriophage T4 helicase and holoenzyme work together efficiently for DNA synthesis. Their coupled action prevents pauses and ensures rapid DNA replication, especially under low force conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Leading-strand DNA synthesis requires coordinated action between DNA helicase and holoenzyme.
  • The bacteriophage T4 system provides a model for studying enzyme-DNA interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of functional coupling between bacteriophage T4 helicase and holoenzyme.
  • To understand how this coupling affects DNA synthesis processivity and efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a magnetic trap to manipulate a DNA hairpin substrate.
  • Measured DNA synthesis and unwinding activities of coupled and uncoupled enzyme systems.

Main Results:

  • The coupled helicase-holoenzyme system synthesized DNA at maximum rate without fork regression or pauses.
  • Coupling was observed at low forces but uncoupled at high forces or low dNTP concentrations.
  • A collaborative model was proposed to explain the observed enzyme interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Helicase and holoenzyme exhibit a collaborative mechanism for efficient DNA synthesis.
  • This interaction involves mutual stabilization, with helicase reducing fork regression pressure and holoenzyme enhancing unwinding.
  • The model quantitatively explains coupling under various experimental conditions.