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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
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MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction.

Heh-In Im1, Paul J Kenny

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute - Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate brain gene expression. Their dysfunction is linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs crucial for gene regulation in the brain.
  • They operate at the post-transcriptional level, influencing neuronal function.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA signaling is implicated in various brain disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of miRNA roles in brain development and function.
  • To review evidence linking miRNA dysfunction to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies on miRNA involvement in brain development.
  • Examination of evidence connecting miRNA signaling to specific neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play a significant role in normal brain development and function.
  • Evidence strongly suggests miRNA signaling dysfunction contributes to disorders like Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome, schizophrenia, depression, and drug addiction.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into disease etiology.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA dysregulation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Further research into miRNA pathways can illuminate the causes of these conditions.
  • Targeting miRNA signaling presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies.