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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
14:19

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Published on: June 29, 2013

Fetal growth restriction: current perspectives.

Marianna Faraci1, Eliana Renda, Santo Monte

  • 1Policlinico Universitario "G. Martino", Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Messina, Italy.

Journal of Prenatal Medicine
|March 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects many pregnancies, with severe cases linked to poor outcomes. This review explores causes and clinical management, finding few effective interventions for IUGR.

Keywords:
Fetal weightsIntrauterine growth restrictionSmall for gestational age.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Fetal Development

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant complication in modern obstetrics.
  • Current definitions often use the 10th percentile, but adverse outcomes are more concentrated below the 3rd or 5th percentile.
  • Understanding IUGR is crucial for improving perinatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and clinical implications of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
  • To provide insights for practical clinical management of IUGR.
  • To synthesize evidence on interventions for preventing or treating IUGR.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Analysis of evidence regarding maternal, fetal, and placental causes of IUGR.
  • Literature search for interventions related to IUGR.

Main Results:

  • Identified maternal, fetal, and placental factors contributing to IUGR.
  • Found limited evidence supporting beneficial interventions for IUGR prevention or treatment from RCTs.
  • Highlighted the concentration of adverse perinatal outcomes in the most severely growth-restricted infants.

Conclusions:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) presents complex challenges in obstetrics.
  • Clinical practice guidelines for IUGR require further evidence-based support.
  • Effective interventions for IUGR remain an area needing significant research and development.