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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

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Published on: September 14, 2017

Enhanced expectancies improve movement efficiency in runners.

Isabelle Stoate¹, Gabriele Wulf, Rebecca Lewthwaite

¹Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-3034, USA.

Journal of Sports Sciences

|March 24, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Providing experienced runners with positive feedback on movement efficiency improved their running performance. This enhanced expectancy led to reduced oxygen consumption and perceptions of greater ease and less fatigue during the run.

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Area of Science:

Sport Science
Motor Control
Psychology of Performance

Background:

Previous research indicates that enhancing performer expectancies can positively influence performance outcomes.
Understanding the mechanisms by which expectancies affect physiological and perceptual responses in athletes is crucial for optimizing training and competition.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if providing experienced runners with positive, fabricated feedback on their movement efficiency enhances their actual running efficiency.
To examine the effects of enhanced expectancies on physiological measures (oxygen consumption) and subjective experiences (perceived exertion, fatigue, affect) during running.

Main Methods:

Two groups of experienced runners performed a 10-minute treadmill run at 75% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max).
The experimental group received intermittent, fabricated positive feedback on running efficiency, while the control group did not.
Physiological (oxygen consumption) and perceptual (ease, fatigue, affect) data were collected throughout the trial.

Main Results:

The enhanced expectancy group showed a significant decrease in oxygen consumption over the 10-minute run, unlike the control group.
Participants in the enhanced expectancy group reported greater perceived ease of running and reduced fatigue post-run compared to pre-run.
Positive affect increased significantly from pre- to post-test in the enhanced expectancy group, but not in the control group.

Conclusions:

Enhanced expectancies, induced by positive feedback on movement efficiency, can positively impact running efficiency and the subjective running experience in experienced runners.
These findings support the integration of social-cognitive and affective factors in understanding motor performance, highlighting a holistic approach to athletic achievement.