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Updated: May 23, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Published on: June 24, 2025
Designing a protocol to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections among hospitalized patients
Murthy Gokula1, Dianne Smolen, Phyllis M Gaspar
1Department of Family Practice, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Abstract:
Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections comprise 40% of hospital-acquired infections with over 80% of these hospital-acquired urinary tract infections associated with the use of urinary catheters. The process that was used to establish a new hospital protocol using the "IAIMS" (identifying, assessing, implementing, modifying/maintaining, spread/surveillance) model to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections is described. The example is intended to serve as a framework for the development of protocols to address other hospital-acquired infections.
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