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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...

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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Thyroid lymphoma: correlation of radiologic and pathologic features.

Meeyoung Nam1, Jung Hee Shin, Boo-Kyung Han

  • 1Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
|March 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Core biopsy is superior to fine-needle aspiration for diagnosing thyroid lymphoma, especially primary types presenting as rapidly growing masses with diffuse hypoechoic parenchyma on sonography.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Thyroid lymphoma is a rare malignancy.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate clinicoradiologic and pathologic features of thyroid lymphoma.
  • To identify the most effective first-line diagnostic method for thyroid lymphoma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 16 patients diagnosed with thyroid lymphoma (1995-2010).
  • Correlation of sonographic findings with histopathologic results.
  • Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy.

Main Results:

  • Primary lymphomas (13/16) typically presented with rapid neck swelling and diffuse heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma on sonography.
  • Secondary lymphomas (3/16) showed markedly hypoechoic nodules.
  • Core biopsy achieved 100% diagnostic accuracy, while fine-needle aspiration yielded 30% accuracy (P = .0030).

Conclusions:

  • Sonographic findings of diffuse hypoechoic parenchyma with echogenic septa suggest primary thyroid lymphoma.
  • Core biopsy is recommended over fine-needle aspiration for suspected thyroid lymphoma, particularly in cases of rapidly enlarging masses.