Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Radioiodine on the Nasolacrimal System.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2022
Same author

Thyroid Abnormalities in Heart Failure.

Cardiology clinics·2022
Same author

Hypothyroid Symptoms in Levothyroxine-Treated Patients.

Innovations in pharmacy·2021
Same author

Thyroid Abnormalities in Heart Failure.

Heart failure clinics·2019
Same author

Assessment of the Adequacy of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy in Hypothyroidism.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2019
Same author

Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2018
Same journal

Care Transitions Continue to Evolve.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Navigating the Gaps: A Comprehensive Overview of Care Transitions Across the Continuum.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Care Transitions and Value-Based Payment Models in the United States.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Technology and Innovation in Care Transitions: Imagining the Future of Postdischarge Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Primary Care, Specialists, and Hospitals: Bridging the Gaps in Communication and Coordination.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Social Determinants of Health: Unique Considerations in Transitions of Care.

The Medical clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system.

Sara Danzi1, Irwin Klein

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, Queensborough Community College, Bayside, NY 11364, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|March 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormone significantly impacts the heart and blood vessels by altering cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Understanding these cellular mechanisms is key to comprehending cardiovascular changes in thyroid disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone exerts significant influence on the cardiovascular system.
  • Cellular-level understanding of these effects is crucial for clinical applications.
  • Thyroid hormone (T3) affects nearly all body cells and organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action in cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of thyroid hormone transport regulation in cardiovascular tissues.
  • To provide a cellular basis for understanding cardiovascular alterations in thyroid disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid hormone's cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on cardiac myocyte and vascular smooth muscle cell responses.
  • Examination of research on thyroid hormone transport into cardiovascular tissues.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone modulates the phenotype and physiology of cardiac myocytes.
  • Thyroid hormone influences the phenotype and physiology of vascular smooth muscle cells.
  • Thyroid hormone transport into cardiac and vascular tissues is a clinically significant area of study.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular mechanisms explain thyroid hormone's profound cardiovascular effects.
  • Understanding cellular actions of thyroid hormone is essential for managing thyroid-related cardiovascular conditions.
  • Further research into thyroid hormone transport is warranted for clinical relevance.