Thyroid associated orbitopathy
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
Published on: May 12, 2023
Rajat Maheshwari1, Ezekiel Weis
1Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Alexendra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5H 3V9. rajat.oculoplasty@gmail.com
Abstract:
Thyroid associated orbitopathy, also known as Graves' orbitopathy, is typically a self-limiting autoimmune process associated with dysthyroid states. The clinical presentation may vary from very mild disease to severe irreversible sight-threatening complications. Despite ongoing basic science and clinical research, the pathogenesis and highly effective therapeutic strategies remain elusive. The present article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of this common, yet poorly understood disease, which remains a challenge to the ophthalmologist.
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