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Updated: May 23, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
Published on: January 20, 2017
Combination antiviral therapy for influenza: predictions from modeling of human infections
Alan S Perelson1, Libin Rong, Frederick G Hayden
1Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. asp@lanl.gov
Abstract:
Emergence of resistance is a major concern in influenza antiviral treatment and prophylaxis. Combination antiviral therapy might overcome this problem. Here, we estimate that all possible single mutants and a sizeable fraction of double mutants are generated during an uncomplicated influenza infection. While most of them may sustain a fitness cost, some variants may confer drug resistance and be selected during therapy. We argue that a triple combination regimen would markedly reduce the risk of antiviral resistance emergence in seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, especially in seriously ill or immunocompromised hosts.
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