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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Visual Agnosia

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Anatomical Movements00:51

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
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A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Dyssynchronous apraxia: failure to combine simultaneous preprogrammed movements.

A M Barrett, R L Schwartz, A L Raymer

    Cognitive Neuropsychology
    |March 28, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study shows that damage to the frontal lobe can impair prepared movement programs, leading to limb apraxia. The patient struggled with simultaneous movements and larger Fitts task targets, indicating issues with motor programming.

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    Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
    08:26

    Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

    Published on: January 11, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Motor Control
    • Cognitive Neurology

    Background:

    • Limb apraxia involves deficits in skilled, learned movements, potentially stemming from representational or innervatory processing impairments.
    • Innervatory motor patterns can be either online (visual feedback-dependent) or prepared (feedback-independent).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the innervatory pattern system, specifically prepared movement programs, in a patient with apraxia due to a left dorsolateral frontal stroke.
    • To investigate the role of frontal processing in the functional synchrony of prepared movement programs.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed a patient (TB) with apraxia and four controls on non-meaningful single and multi-joint movements to command.
    • Evaluated sequential and simultaneous multi-joint movement combinations.
    • Administered the Fitts (1954) task involving tapping between targets of varying sizes.

    Main Results:

    • TB performed similarly on single-joint and sequential multi-joint movements but significantly worse on simultaneous multi-joint movements compared to controls.
    • TB was proportionately slower than controls on larger Fitts circles (prepared programs) but comparable on smaller circles (online programs).

    Conclusions:

    • Functional synchrony of prepared movement programs may depend on late-level frontal processing.
    • Frontal lobe dysfunction can lead to limb apraxia and defective programming of non-meaningful movements.