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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Frequency of Spring-Mass System01:17

Frequency of Spring-Mass System

One interesting characteristic of the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of an object attached to a spring is that the angular frequency, and the period and frequency of the motion, depend only on the mass and the force constant of the spring, and not on other factors such as the amplitude of the motion or initial conditions. We can use the equations of motion and Newton's second law to find the angular frequency, frequency, and period.
Consider a block on a spring on a frictionless surface. There...
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Double In Utero Electroporation to Target Temporally and Spatially Separated Cell Populations
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Published on: June 14, 2020

[Frequency of multiple pregnancy].

A Nikolov, I Petrova, S Nashar

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |March 29, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multiple pregnancy rates, particularly for twins and triplets, have significantly increased. This trend shows a gradual rise followed by rapid expansion in recent years, necessitating further research into associated complications.

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    Published on: October 24, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Perinatology
    • Epidemiology

    Context:

    • Multiple pregnancies present unique obstetric challenges.
    • Monitoring trends in multiple births is crucial for public health.
    • This study analyzes a large dataset spanning multiple years.

    Purpose:

    • To determine the frequency and trends of multiple pregnancies.
    • To analyze the changing incidence of twin and triplet births over time.
    • To identify patterns in the increase of multiple births.

    Summary:

    • Analysis of 51,162 births revealed a significant rise in multiple pregnancies from 1994 to 2009.
    • Twin frequency increased from 1.18% to 3.62%, and triplet frequency from 0.06% to 0.34%.
    • The data indicates a smooth initial increase followed by a rapid acceleration in multiple birth rates.

    Impact:

    • Highlights a growing public health concern regarding multiple gestations.
    • Underscores the need for further investigation into the causes and consequences of increased multiple births.
    • Informs obstetric care and resource allocation for managing higher-risk pregnancies.