Call and skin glands secretion induced by stimulation of midbrain in urodele (Andrias davidianus)

Stimulation of the midbrain induced calls, gaping, tail lashing, locomotion and secretion of skin glands in the cryptobranchidae, Andrias davidianus, which is a rare precious animal in China. These responses can be considered as a complex of action related to escape. Most of the sites where calls and secretion of skin glands could be induced were found in the outside of central nucleus of the torus semicircularis. This is the first description of this cluster of functions in the midbrain of Andrias davidianus.