Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing more...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Standardization of <sup>243</sup>Am.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

Considerations for massic activity determination by Decay Energy Spectrometry (DES) using cryogenic Transition Edge Sensors (TES).

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

High prevalence of NTRK fusions in sporadic dMMR/MSI mCRC RAS/RAF wild-type: an opportunity for a post-immune checkpoint inhibitors progression rescue strategy.

ESMO gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

Age-related outcomes in MSI/dMMR gastrointestinal cancers treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors and toxicity's impact on efficacy: an immunoMSI cohort study.

ESMO gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

Standardization of <sup>239</sup>Pu using isotopic ratios obtained through alpha spectrometry and mass spectrometry.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

Primary and secondary activity standards for <sup>89</sup>Zr.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2025
Same journal

Comparative evaluation of <sup>67</sup>Ga production via the <sup>67</sup>Zn and <sup>68</sup>Zn routes on proton cyclotrons: Yield, radionuclidic purity, and cooling-time behavior.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Effect of BaO-TiO<sub>2</sub> compositional variation on radiation shielding properties of borate-based glasses: A computational and simulation study.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Habitat heterogeneity analysis of planning CT improves the prediction of radiation proctitis in cervical cancer: A multimodal machine learning study.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Molecular plating for targetry: proof of concept using <sup>nat</sup>Gd(p,x)<sup>155</sup>Tb cross section measurements.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

Investigation of proton spallation effect on Electron Emission Coefficient electrodes coated with metamaterial.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same journal

An algorithm to calculate physical density of biomedical objects having 3 ≤ Z<sub>eff</sub> ≤ 20: an application study using clinical photon-counting computed tomography equipment.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

A novel application for 222Rn emanation standards: radon-cryptophane host chemistry.

L Laureano-Perez1, R Collé, D R Jacobson

  • 1Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology,(1) 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA. lizbeth.laureano-perez@nist.gov

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|March 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers measured radon

More Related Videos

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level
08:53

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Published on: June 6, 2018

Automated Radiochemical Synthesis of [18F]3F4AP: A Novel PET Tracer for Imaging Demyelinating Diseases
11:03

Automated Radiochemical Synthesis of [18F]3F4AP: A Novel PET Tracer for Imaging Demyelinating Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level
08:53

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Published on: June 6, 2018

Automated Radiochemical Synthesis of [18F]3F4AP: A Novel PET Tracer for Imaging Demyelinating Diseases
11:03

Automated Radiochemical Synthesis of [18F]3F4AP: A Novel PET Tracer for Imaging Demyelinating Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Molecular Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Radon's interaction with molecular hosts is not well understood.
  • Accurate measurement of radon binding is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the binding affinity of radon to a cryptophane molecular host.
  • To establish a quantitative measure for radon-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a (222)Radon emanation source, similar to NIST standards.
  • Performed reactions at femtomole levels with precise gravimetric sampling.
  • Conducted accurate (222)Radon assays using liquid scintillation counting.

Main Results:

  • Determined the cryptophane-radon association constant (K(A)) at 293 K.
  • The measured association constant was (49,000±12,000) L mol(-1).
  • This represents the first quantitative measurement of radon binding to a molecular host.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully quantified the binding affinity of radon to a cryptophane molecular host.
  • The study provides a foundational measurement for radon-host interactions.
  • Highlights the potential of molecular hosts for radon interaction studies.