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Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films
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Published on: November 9, 2015

Standardization of 243Am.

M R Bodine1, L Laureano-Pérez1, R Collé1

  • 1Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study standardized americium-243 (²⁴³Am) using liquid scintillation spectrometry, confirming its activity and purity. Results provide accurate data for americium-243, crucial for radioactive contamination monitoring and radiochemical tracing.

Keywords:
Americium-243AnticoincidenceCNETDESGamma-ray spectrometryLTACLiquid scintillationMass spectrometryTDCR

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Chemistry and Metrology
  • Radioactive Isotope Standardization
  • Spectrometry Techniques

Background:

  • Americium-243 (²⁴³Am), the longest-lived isotope, has a half-life of 7367 years and decays via alpha emission.
  • Practical applications of americium include radioactive contamination monitoring and use as a radiochemical process tracer.
  • Accurate standardization of ²⁴³Am is essential for its reliable application in these fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To standardize an americium-243 (²⁴³Am) solution using advanced liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometry.
  • To determine the beta detection efficiencies for the ²⁴³Am daughter, neptunium-239 (²³⁹Np).
  • To confirm the activity and assess impurities of the ²⁴³Am sample through multiple independent measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Standardization of ²⁴³Am solution via 4πβ liquid scintillation (LS) spectrometry.
  • Calculation of beta detection efficiencies using CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing (CNET) and triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) methods.
  • Confirmatory measurements utilizing live-timed anticoincidence (LTAC), gamma spectrometry, and decay energy spectrometry (DES).

Main Results:

  • The beta detection efficiencies for ²³⁹Np were calculated, accounting for delayed gamma-ray emission.
  • Alpha spectrometry yielded a combined activity of 0.087(2) Bq·g⁻¹ for plutonium-239/240 (²³⁹,²⁴⁰Pu).
  • The activity ratio of ²⁴¹Am/²⁴³Am was determined to be 0.00168(3) using multiple spectrometry techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully standardized the ²⁴³Am solution, providing a reliable reference material.
  • Multiple measurement techniques confirmed the activity and characterized impurities, including plutonium isotopes.
  • The obtained data enhance the accuracy of ²⁴³Am measurements for scientific and industrial applications.