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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Antisocial Personality Disorder

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

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Abnormal distracter processing in adults with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Frank Marzinzik1, Michael Wahl, Doris Krüger

  • 1Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.

Plos One
|March 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show abnormal novelty processing. Their brains respond similarly to familiar and completely new stimuli, unlike healthy individuals, suggesting a mechanism for distractibility.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by distractibility.
  • This deficit may stem from reduced attention or overshooting orienting responses to unexpected stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate abnormalities in novelty processing in adult ADHD patients.
  • To compare event-related potentials (ERPs) to novel stimuli in ADHD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A visual oddball task with event-related potential (ERP) recordings using EEG.
  • Participants included 15 unmedicated adults with ADHD and 15 matched controls.
  • Stimuli included repeated targets, non-targets, and unique 'novels' (relative or complete).

Main Results:

  • Healthy subjects showed a larger novelty-P3 (orienting response) to complete novels than relative novels.
  • ADHD patients exhibited undifferentially high frontal responsivity to novels.
  • ADHD patients had smaller centro-parietal P3 responses to target signals and slower behavioral responses.

Conclusions:

  • Adult ADHD patients demonstrate aberrant novelty processing.
  • In controls, stimulus meaning modulated novelty processing; this modulation was absent in ADHD.
  • Disturbed semantic processing of novel stimuli in ADHD may contribute to excessive orienting to minor stimuli.