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Updated: May 23, 2026

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Manual Blot-and-Plunge Freezing of Biological Specimens for Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
Published on: February 7, 2022
Cryo-EM--the first thirty years
1DEE, Biophore, Faculty of Biology andMedicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Jacques.Dubochet@unil.ch
Journal of Microscopy
|March 30, 2012
Abstract:
Thirty years ago, in December 1981, The Journal of Microscopy published a very short paper entitled ‘Vitrification of pure water for electron microscopy’. It turned out to be important for the development of cryo-electron microscopy and it contributed to reverse, from foe to friend, the status of water in electron microscopists’ minds. This change has brought obvious gains. The future will tell how many more are still to come.

