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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...

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Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon
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Published on: November 16, 2012

Engineering commensal bacteria for prophylaxis against infection.

Yih-Lin Goh1, HongFei He, John C March

  • 1Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Engineered bacteria offer promising, low-cost strategies for preventing infectious diseases. This review explores recent advances in using engineered commensal bacteria for prophylaxis, including live vaccines and anti-infective agents.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • Infectious diseases are a primary global cause of mortality.
  • Developing cost-effective prophylactics is a critical 21st-century priority.
  • Commensal bacteria, typically harmless residents, offer potential for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in engineered bacteria for prophylaxis.
  • To discuss the potential of using engineered commensal bacteria to combat infectious diseases.
  • To highlight strategies including live vaccines and anti-infective agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of genetic engineering and pathogenesis research.
  • Synthesis of findings on engineered bacteria for prophylactic use.

Main Results:

  • Engineered bacteria present viable strategies for prophylaxis.
  • Live vaccines and anti-infective agents are key applications.
  • Commensal bacteria can be modified for therapeutic purposes.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered bacteria hold significant potential for infectious disease prevention.
  • Further research can optimize these novel prophylactic approaches.
  • This strategy offers a promising, low-cost alternative to traditional methods.