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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis
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Progress in tumor vascular normalization for anticancer therapy: challenges and perspectives.

Bingxue Shang1, Zhifei Cao, Quansheng Zhou

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Summary

Antitumor therapies targeting tumor vascular normalization show promise for cancer treatment. Combining antiangiogenic drugs with vascular normalizing agents may improve efficacy against aggressive cancers.

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Establishing a Physiologic Human Vascularized Micro-Tumor Model for Cancer Research

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Antiangiogenic therapy, while initially effective, often leads to transient tumor shrinkage and recurrence due to induced hypoxia and acidity.
  • Tumor vascular normalization, proposed as an alternative, aims to normalize disorganized tumor vasculature rather than disrupt it.
  • Current vascular normalizing agents demonstrate moderate anticancer efficacy, necessitating further therapeutic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of antiangiogenic and tumor vascular normalizing therapies for cancer.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing the efficacy of tumor vascular normalization.
  • To identify potential novel therapeutic approaches for effective anticancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical data on antiangiogenic and tumor vascular normalizing therapies.
  • Analysis of the role of vasculogenic/angiogenic tumor cells and genes in cancer progression.
  • Exploration of combination therapies and integration of Western and traditional Chinese medicine.

Main Results:

  • Antiangiogenic therapy can lead to tumor recurrence by creating a more aggressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Tumor vascular normalization has shown potential in reducing tumor size and metastasis.
  • Existing vascular normalizing drugs exhibit moderate efficacy, highlighting the need for improved strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple-targeting of tumor cells and genes involved in neovascularization is a promising strategy to improve vascular normalization efficacy.
  • Combining antiangiogenic drugs with vascular normalizing therapeutics offers a potential avenue for enhanced anticancer therapy.
  • Integrating Western and traditional Chinese medicine may lead to the discovery of novel tumor vascular normalizing drugs.