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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing
10:55

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing

Published on: November 6, 2009

Microscale 2D separation systems for proteomic analysis.

Xin Xu1, Ke Liu, Z Hugh Fan

  • 1Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscale 2D separation systems in capillaries and microfluidic devices offer faster, more efficient analysis with less sample use. This review covers advancements in 2D capillary electrophoresis and capillary LC for proteomic analysis.

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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
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Large-scale Top-down Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Large-scale Top-down Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing
10:55

Digital Microfluidics for Automated Proteomic Processing

Published on: November 6, 2009

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
12:34

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Published on: April 2, 2018

Large-scale Top-down Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry
10:05

Large-scale Top-down Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional separation methods like liquid chromatography (LC) and slab gel electrophoresis have limitations.
  • Microscale 2D separation systems offer enhanced performance characteristics.
  • These systems are crucial for analyzing complex biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microscale 2D separation systems.
  • To focus on key platforms: 2D capillary electrophoresis (CE), CE-LC coupling, and microfluidic devices.
  • To highlight their application in proteomic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of 2D separation in capillaries and microfabricated channels.
  • Utilizing various CE and LC modes with sophisticated interfaces.
  • Coupling different separation modes within microfluidic devices.

Main Results:

  • 2D separation systems demonstrate faster analysis and higher efficiency.
  • Reduced sample consumption compared to conventional methods.
  • Successful application in proteomic analysis of diverse biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • Microscale 2D separation technologies represent a significant advancement in analytical science.
  • These systems provide powerful tools for high-throughput and sensitive proteomic studies.
  • Future developments promise further improvements in biological sample analysis.