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Damped Oscillations

Damped Oscillations

In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...

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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...

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Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Time evolution of interacting vortices under overdamped motion.

Mauricio S Ribeiro¹, Fernando D Nobre, Evaldo M F Curado

¹Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas and National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180, Brazil. ribeiro@cbpf.br

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|April 3, 2012

Summary

Interacting vortices in superconductors exhibit behaviors consistent with nonextensive statistical mechanics. Molecular-dynamics simulations show their dynamics align with a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, supporting this connection.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Published on: July 19, 2016

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Statistical Mechanics

Background:

A system of interacting vortices under overdamped motion models flux-front penetration in disordered type-II superconductors.
This system was previously linked to a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation through stationary state analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the connection between vortex dynamics and nonextensive statistical mechanics.
To analyze the time evolution of the vortex system.

Main Methods:

Molecular-dynamics simulations were employed to study the system.
Analysis of position and velocity probability distributions P(x,t) and P(v(x),t).

Main Results:

Both position and velocity distributions were well-fitted by q-Gaussian distributions with q=0.
The time evolution of P(x,t) (width, normalization, second moment) matched the analytic solution of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation.

Conclusions:

The study provides further evidence for the deep association between the vortex system and nonextensive statistical mechanics.
The time evolution analysis reinforces the link to nonlinear Fokker-Planck dynamics.