Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.6K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.6K
Entropy02:39

Entropy

30.3K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
30.3K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.9K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
2.9K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

5.4K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
5.4K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

23.9K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
23.9K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.0K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Criticality in the duration of the quasistationary state of the d-dimensional α-Heisenberg ferromagnet.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

A Wealth Distribution Agent Model Based on a Few Universal Assumptions.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Entropic form emergent from superstatistics.

Physical review. E·2023
Same author

Relativistic gas: Lorentz-invariant distribution for the velocities.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2022
Same author

Finite-size scaling of quasi-stationary-state temperature.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Helstrom Bound for Squeezed Coherent States in Binary Communication.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K

Non-Additive Entropic Forms and Evolution Equations for Continuous and Discrete Probabilities.

Evaldo M F Curado1, Fernando D Nobre1

  • 1Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas and National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores non-additive entropies and their time evolution for complex systems. It proves an H-theorem for both continuous and discrete probabilities, linking system evolution to equilibrium states and thermodynamic laws.

Keywords:
generalized entropiesnonextensive thermostatisticsnonlinear Fokker–Planck equations

More Related Videos

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.5K
Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K
Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.5K
Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
09:41

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Complex Systems Theory
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Growing interest in non-additive entropic forms for complex systems.
  • Entropic forms are probability-dependent, influencing their time evolution.
  • Need to understand time evolution and equilibrium properties of non-additive entropies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time evolution of non-additive entropies for continuous and discrete probabilities.
  • To establish connections between nonlinear Fokker-Planck/master equations and general entropic forms.
  • To analyze thermodynamic implications, including H-theorems, Carnot cycles, and the third law of thermodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development and proof of an H-theorem for continuous probabilities using a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation.
  • Development and proof of an H-theorem for discrete probabilities using a master equation.
  • Connecting stationary-state solutions of evolution equations with equilibrium solutions from entropic extremization.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that stationary-state solutions of Fokker-Planck and master equations coincide with equilibrium solutions from entropic extremization.
  • Proved H-theorems for both continuous and discrete probability cases, ensuring system evolution towards equilibrium.
  • Established the validity of a Carnot cycle for general entropic forms and discussed the third law of thermodynamics for non-additive entropies.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the fundamental link between system evolution equations and entropic extremization for non-additive forms.
  • Physical consequences include restrictions on Carnot cycles and a generalized third law of thermodynamics.
  • Findings provide a deeper understanding of non-additive entropies in complex systems and their thermodynamic behavior.