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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

Accessing naïve human pluripotency.

Alejandro De Los Angeles1, Yuin-Han Loh, Paul J Tesar

  • 1Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore the distinct naïve and primed pluripotent stem cell states in rodents and humans. Understanding how to achieve naïve pluripotency in human cells is key for advancing stem cell biology and medicine.

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A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
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A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Pluripotency is crucial for mammalian development, forming the epiblast.
  • Rodent pluripotent stem cells exist in distinct naïve and primed states.
  • Human stem cells resemble rodent primed epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review differences between rodent naïve and primed pluripotent states.
  • To explore origins of rodent naïve pluripotency.
  • To examine efforts in deriving naïve human pluripotent stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of rodent and human pluripotent stem cell states.
  • Review of existing literature on pluripotency induction.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions in human naïve pluripotency.

Main Results:

  • Rodent naïve pluripotency is characterized by LIF/2i signaling and dual X-chromosome inactivation.
  • Naïve pluripotency in rodents can be accessed via inner cell mass explantation, somatic reprogramming, or EpiSC reversion.
  • Human stem cells currently resemble primed EpiSCs, lacking bona fide naïve features.

Conclusions:

  • A critical gap exists in obtaining stable naïve human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Translating rodent naïve pluripotency paradigms to humans is an active research area.
  • Achieving human naïve pluripotency will significantly impact stem cell applications and regenerative medicine.