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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
The Placebo Effect01:54

The Placebo Effect

The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.

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Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
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Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

How expectations shape pain.

Lauren Y Atlas1, Tor D Wager

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, United States. laurenatlas@nyu.edu

Neuroscience Letters
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychological factors like expectations significantly alter pain perception. Neuroimaging reveals these expectations influence brain regions involved in pain processing, impacting subjective pain experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Pain perception is significantly influenced by psychological factors, particularly expectations.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these expectancy effects is crucial for pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging findings on how expectations modulate brain markers of nociception.
  • To explore the impact of expectations on subjective pain experiences, including placebo and nocebo effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies examining expectancy effects on pain.
  • Analysis of brain activity in response to expectations about treatments and environmental pain cues.

Main Results:

  • Expectancies modulate pain-intensity processing in central nervous system regions like the insula, cingulate cortex, and thalamus.
  • Subjective pain experience is influenced by activity in these nociceptive regions, as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Expectancy effects involve complex interactions between multiple neural systems.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific psychological processes mediating expectancy effects on pain.