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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Published on: May 29, 2019

Carotenoids and DNA damage.

Amaya Azqueta1, Andrew R Collins

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology, Schools of Pharmacy and Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

Mutation Research
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-vitamin A carotenoids protect against DNA damage, while pro-vitamin A carotenoids show varied effects. High concentrations of pro-vitamin A carotenoids may increase DNA damage due to pro-oxidant actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Molecular Toxicology

Background:

  • Carotenoids are key antioxidant phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables.
  • Their health benefits are widely recognized, prompting extensive research.
  • Investigations span cellular, animal, and human studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the effects of vitamin A and non-vitamin A carotenoids on DNA damage.
  • To analyze recent findings (last 5 years) on carotenoid bioactivity.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind observed effects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies published in the last 5 years.
  • Analysis of research conducted at cellular, animal, and human levels.
  • Categorization of carotenoids into vitamin A and non-vitamin A groups.

Main Results:

  • Non-vitamin A carotenoids (lycopene, lutein, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin) consistently protect against DNA damage.
  • Pro-vitamin A carotenoids (carotenes, β-cryptoxanthin) exhibit variable effects, sometimes protecting, sometimes enhancing DNA damage.
  • Enhanced DNA damage by pro-vitamin A carotenoids is observed at high concentrations, suggesting pro-oxidant activity.

Conclusions:

  • A clear distinction exists in DNA protective effects between non-vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids.
  • Non-vitamin A carotenoids are reliable DNA protectors.
  • Pro-vitamin A carotenoids may pose a risk of DNA damage at high doses due to pro-oxidant properties.