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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

One-dimensional acoustic standing waves in rectangular channels for flow cytometry.

Pearlson P Austin Suthanthiraraj1, Menake E Piyasena, Travis A Woods

  • 1The Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic standing waves enable cost-effective, miniaturized flow cytometry by focusing cells. This technology reduces instrument size and consumable use, making flow cytometry more accessible for diverse applications.

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Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles
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Assembly and Characterization of an External Driver for the Generation of Sub-Kilohertz Oscillatory Flow in Microchannels
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Assembly and Characterization of an External Driver for the Generation of Sub-Kilohertz Oscillatory Flow in Microchannels

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Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles
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Assembly and Characterization of an External Driver for the Generation of Sub-Kilohertz Oscillatory Flow in Microchannels

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Flow cytometry is a vital tool but limited by size, cost, and throughput.
  • Resource-poor settings and rare cell detection require more accessible flow cytometry technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel acoustic focusing flow channels for improved flow cytometry.
  • To create a low-cost, miniaturized flow cytometry system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of one-dimensional acoustic focusing flow channels using capillary devices or microfabrication.
  • Utilizing acoustic standing waves to concentrate particles and cells.
  • Development of an inexpensive optical platform for flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated precise focusing of single streams of particles and cells.
  • Showcased the creation of multiple parallel focused streams using harmonic standing waves.
  • Validated precise analysis with the developed low-cost optical platform.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic focusing offers a simple, low-cost solution for smaller, more affordable flow cytometers.
  • This technology can reduce consumable use and enhance accessibility.
  • Potential for high-throughput applications through parallel stream generation.