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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Focusing subwavelength grating coupler for mid-infrared suspended membrane waveguide.

Zhenzhou Cheng1, Xia Chen, C Y Wong

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. zzcheng@ee.cuhk.edu.hk

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|April 3, 2012
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Researchers developed a mid-infrared (mid-IR) subwavelength grating (SWG) coupler for silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The fabricated device achieved 24.7% coupling efficiency, demonstrating potential for integrated mid-IR photonics.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonics is crucial for sensing and communication.
  • Subwavelength grating (SWG) couplers offer precise light manipulation.
  • Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms are versatile for integrated photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a focusing SWG coupler for mid-IR applications.
  • To characterize the performance of the SWG coupler and suspended membrane waveguide (SMW).
  • To evaluate the coupling efficiency and bandwidth of the mid-IR photonic device.

Main Methods:

  • Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for initial design.
  • Phase-matching formulas for transforming uniform SWGs into focusing SWGs.
  • Finite element method (FEM) analysis for SMW characterization.
  • Fabrication of SWG couplers and SMWs on SOI wafers.
  • Experimental characterization using an Er3+-Pr3+ co-doped mid-IR fiber laser.

Main Results:

  • FDTD simulations predicted 44.2% coupling efficiency for a uniform SWG.
  • Simulated device exhibited a 1 dB bandwidth of ~220 nm and 0.78% backreflection at 2.75 μm.
  • The fabricated mid-IR SWG coupler achieved a coupling efficiency of 24.7%.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of focusing SWG couplers for mid-IR integrated photonics.
  • Fabricated devices show promising performance for on-chip light coupling in the mid-IR spectrum.
  • Further optimization could enhance coupling efficiency and broaden applications in mid-IR sensing and communication.