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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

MicroRNAs: Processing, Maturation, Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions.

Girish C Shukla1, Jagjit Singh, Sailen Barik

  • 1Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that fine-tune gene expression by regulating protein production. This review introduces their coding, processing, target recognition, and function in animals.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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09:05

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Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation.
  • They play crucial roles in various cellular pathways, impacting organismal development, health, and disease.
  • miRNAs modulate gene expression by influencing mRNA stability and translation efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanistic introduction to the world of microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • To cover key aspects of miRNA biology including coding, processing, target recognition, and function in animals.
  • To offer a concise overview rather than an exhaustive encyclopedia.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge.
  • It focuses on established concepts in miRNA research.
  • The review draws upon published literature to discuss miRNA mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs represent a significant layer of gene expression control.
  • They impact a wide array of biological processes and diseases.
  • Understanding miRNA mechanisms is key to deciphering cellular regulation.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental regulators of gene expression.
  • Their complex roles in animals highlight their importance in biological systems.
  • This review serves as a foundational guide to miRNA biology.