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Genital herpes simplex virus infections.

G J Mertz1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Genital herpes infections are increasing, especially severe first episodes. Accurate diagnosis via viral culture and effective antiviral treatments like acyclovir are crucial for management and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Genital herpes infections are rising, leading to increased physician visits.
  • Severe first-episode infections are notably increasing in adults without prior HSV-1 exposure.
  • Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) plays a significant role in transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic methods for genital herpes.
  • To discuss the role of HSV in HIV transmission and asymptomatic infections.
  • To outline current and future prevention and treatment strategies for genital herpes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic techniques, emphasizing viral culture sensitivity and specificity.
  • Analysis of type-specific antibody tests in understanding HSV transmission dynamics.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on HSV-2 prevalence and transmission risk.

Main Results:

  • Virus culture is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method for genital herpes.
  • Type-specific antibody tests reveal the prevalence of asymptomatic HSV-2 infections and unrecognized past acquisition.
  • Annual transmission risk in heterosexual couples is approximately 10%; safe sex is the primary prevention method.

Conclusions:

  • Routine acyclovir use is recommended for first-episode genital herpes and for HSV infections in individuals with AIDS.
  • Further research is needed for effective vaccines and novel antiviral agents for suppressive therapy and resistant infections.
  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for managing the increasing burden of genital herpes.

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