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Spatial error in geocoding physician location data from the AMA Physician Masterfile: implications for spatial

Sara McLafferty¹, Vincent L Freeman, Richard E Barrett

¹Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. smclaff@illinois.edu

Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology

|April 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Geocoding physician locations using only mailing addresses, not practice addresses, creates significant spatial errors. These errors unevenly impact physician supply estimates and spatial accessibility measurements.

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Area of Science:

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Health Services Research
Spatial Analysis

Background:

Geocoding accuracy is crucial for spatial analysis, yet errors from poor address quality are understudied.
Physician location data often uses mailing addresses (frequently residential) instead of practice addresses, leading to geocoding inaccuracies.
This misrepresentation impacts spatial accessibility studies in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine spatial errors resulting from incorrect address data in physician location information.
To analyze the extent and implications of geocoding errors on measuring spatial accessibility to primary care physicians.
To investigate the geographic and social unevenness of these geocoding errors.

Main Methods:

Geocoding primary care physician locations using both mailing and office addresses in the Chicago metropolitan region.
Calculating the spatial mismatch between mailing and office addresses at county, zip code, and point location scales.
Employing kernel density estimation to analyze physician distribution and identify areas of high spatial mismatch.

Main Results:

A substantial minority of physicians exhibit significant spatial mismatch (>20 km) between mailing and office addresses.
Geocoding errors are socially and geographically uneven, overestimating supply in some suburbs and underestimating it in central city areas.
These errors lead to biased local measures of spatial accessibility to primary care physicians.

Conclusions:

Relying solely on mailing addresses for physician geocoding introduces significant spatial errors.
These errors can distort the understanding of physician distribution and spatial accessibility, particularly in urban and suburban settings.
Accurate address data is essential for reliable health services research and policy development.