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Related Concept Videos

Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Study Design in Statistics01:15

Study Design in Statistics

A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
05:26

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Published on: January 7, 2019

Hermeneutic single-case efficacy design.

Robert Elliott

    Psychotherapy Research : Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research
    |April 5, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces the hermeneutic single-case efficacy design (HSCED), a novel method for assessing therapy effectiveness in individual cases. It combines qualitative and quantitative data to establish causal links between therapeutic interventions and client outcomes.

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    Published on: September 4, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Psychotherapy research
    • Clinical psychology
    • Qualitative research methods

    Background:

    • Evaluating treatment causality in single-case studies presents methodological challenges.
    • Existing methods may not adequately capture the nuances of individual therapeutic processes and outcomes.
    • There is a need for rigorous designs to assess treatment efficacy in complex clinical presentations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and illustrate the hermeneutic single-case efficacy design (HSCED) as a method for evaluating treatment causality in single therapy cases.
    • To demonstrate how HSCED integrates quantitative and qualitative data to build a network of evidence for causal inference.
    • To explore the application of HSCED in a clinical case involving depression, unresolved loss, and anger.

    Main Methods:

    • The hermeneutic single-case efficacy design (HSCED) employs a mixed-methods approach.
    • It involves identifying direct evidence of causal links between therapy processes and outcomes.
    • Plausible alternative explanations for observed changes are systematically evaluated.

    Main Results:

    • The article illustrates the application of HSCED using a case study of a depressed client.
    • The method facilitates the identification of specific therapeutic elements contributing to client change.
    • It allows for a nuanced evaluation of causality by considering contextual factors.

    Conclusions:

    • HSCED offers a robust framework for establishing treatment causality in single-case research.
    • This interpretive approach enhances the rigor of psychotherapy outcome research.
    • The findings support the utility of HSCED for understanding complex therapeutic processes and outcomes.