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Updated: May 23, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
Published on: June 23, 2023
Lael M Yonker1, M Shannon Fracchia
1Pediatric Pulmonary Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, 275 Cambridge Street Boston, MA 02114, USA. lyonker@partners.org
Flexible bronchoscopy provides a dynamic view of the pediatric airway, aiding in diagnosing and treating lung conditions. This minimally invasive procedure offers maneuverability and can be combined with other treatments, with rare complications when performed with care.
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