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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Three Developmental Domains01:29

Three Developmental Domains

Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
Psychosexual Theory of Development01:14

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
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Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood01:28

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood

Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
09:03

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Six developmental trajectories characterize children with autism.

Christine Fountain1, Alix S Winter, Peter S Bearman

  • 1Paul F. Lazarsfeld Center for the Social Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Pediatrics
|April 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with autism exhibit diverse developmental paths, with some showing significant improvement over time. Socioeconomic factors influence these autism trajectories, highlighting the need for further research into driving factors.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) research

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by social and communication challenges.
  • Understanding the long-term developmental trajectories in ASD is crucial for intervention and support.
  • Previous research has indicated variability in outcomes for children with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe typical longitudinal developmental trajectories of social and communication functioning in children with ASD.
  • To identify factors correlating with these developmental pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Latent trajectory modeling was used to identify patterns in social, communication, and repetitive behavior functioning.
  • Data from 6975 children with ASD (aged 2-14) enrolled in California's developmental services were analyzed.
  • Multinomial logistic regression examined individual and family factors associated with trajectory membership.

Main Results:

  • Six distinct developmental trajectories were identified, showing significant heterogeneity.
  • Children with less severe initial symptoms generally improved more rapidly.
  • Approximately 10% of children experienced rapid gains from severe to high functioning.
  • Socioeconomic status, including maternal education and race, correlated with outcomes; minority children and those with intellectual disabilities were less likely to show rapid gains.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental pathways for children with autism are highly heterogeneous.
  • A subset of children with autism demonstrates substantial developmental progress over time.
  • Identifying the drivers of these varied outcomes is essential for improving support and interventions.