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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

High plasma uric acid concentration: causes and consequences.

Erick Prado de Oliveira1, Roberto Carlos Burini

  • 1Center for exercise metabolism and nutrition (CeMENutri), Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil. erick_po@yahoo.com.br.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

High plasma uric acid (UA) is linked to gout, kidney stones, and metabolic syndrome. While chronic high UA is a disease risk, acute elevations may offer antioxidant protection.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease

Background:

  • Elevated plasma uric acid (UA) is a significant risk factor for gout, renal calculi, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Hyperuricemia stems from reduced UA excretion, increased UA synthesis, or both.
  • Factors like increased waist circumference, BMI, insulin resistance, and leptin levels can decrease UA excretion, while liver fatty acid synthesis promotes UA production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted role of uric acid in metabolic and cardiovascular health.
  • To investigate the impact of diet and lifestyle on uric acid levels.
  • To clarify whether elevated uric acid is primarily a risk factor or a protective antioxidant response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on uric acid metabolism and its association with various diseases.
  • Analysis of factors influencing uric acid synthesis and excretion.
  • Examination of the dietary and lifestyle contributions to hyperuricemia.

Main Results:

  • High plasma UA is a precipitating factor for gout and renal calculi and a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
  • Dietary factors such as high fructose and alcohol intake (especially beer) may influence uric acid levels.
  • Uric acid possesses significant antioxidant properties, contributing over 50% to blood's antioxidant capacity.

Conclusions:

  • The role of UA in disease is complex; acute elevations appear protective, while chronic elevations are associated with disease risk.
  • Further research is needed to definitively establish whether UA is a causal factor or a compensatory antioxidant mechanism.
  • Understanding the interplay between UA, diet, and metabolic health is crucial for disease prevention and management.