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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Inflammation, physical activity, and chronic disease: An evolutionary perspective.

Roberto Carlos Burini1, Elizabeth Anderson2, J Larry Durstine2

  • 1Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

Sports Medicine and Health Science
|July 5, 2022
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Summary

Physical activity (PA) and exercise combat chronic low-grade inflammation, a factor in many diseases. Regular PA, exercise, and weight loss improve inflammatory profiles, offering protection and treatment for various chronic conditions.

Keywords:
CytokinesExerciseImmunityInflammationMyokinesObesityPhysical activityPhysical inactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise immunology
  • Metabolic disease research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Low-grade inflammation is linked to metabolic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Physical inactivity and abdominal obesity promote chronic systemic inflammation.
  • Evolutionary mismatch between genome and modern lifestyle contributes to disease predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammation in human survival.
  • To examine how physical activity (PA) and inactivity regulate systemic inflammation.
  • To highlight the anti-inflammatory effects of PA and exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on inflammation, PA, and chronic diseases.
  • Analysis of metabolic and systemic signaling pathways influenced by PA.
  • Examination of skeletal muscle, fatty acid utilization, TLR4 signaling, and myokine/adipokine effects.

Main Results:

  • PA and exercise training exert significant anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Mechanisms include improved fatty acid utilization and modulation of myokine/adipokine signaling.
  • Weight loss, alongside PA and exercise, enhances the anti-inflammatory profile.

Conclusions:

  • PA and regular exercise are crucial for managing systemic inflammation.
  • These interventions offer protection against and treatment for chronic diseases.
  • Improved inflammatory profiles through PA, exercise, and weight loss are key to better health outcomes.