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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

Complement regulation of T cell immunity.

Wing-hong Kwan1, William van der Touw, Peter S Heeger

  • 1Department of Medicine, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute and Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1243, One Gustave L. Levy Plaza, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Immunologic Research
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune cells like T cells and antigen-presenting cells produce complement proteins that enhance T cell responses. Complement activation boosts T cell immunity, suggesting complement inhibitors could be therapeutic.

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis
07:25

In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis

Published on: May 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • Recent studies indicate T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) synthesize complement proteins.
  • These immune cell-derived complement components activate via the alternative pathway, locally producing C3a and C5a.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of immune cell-derived complement in T cell activation and immunity.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of complement modulation in autoimmunity and transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complement protein production by T cells and APCs.
  • Assessment of anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) binding to their receptors (C3aR, C5aR).
  • Evaluation of complement deficiency, blockade, and enhanced activation on T cell immunity and allograft rejection in murine models.

Main Results:

  • Immune cell-derived complement activation drives T cell differentiation, expansion, and survival.
  • Complement deficiency or inhibition attenuates T cell-mediated autoimmunity and delays allograft rejection.
  • Enhanced complement activation accelerates T cell immunity and allograft rejection in mice.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell-derived complement plays a critical role in regulating T cell immunity.
  • Targeting the complement system, particularly with inhibitors, holds promise for treating T cell-mediated diseases and improving transplant outcomes.