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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
Published on: April 20, 2011
Reaching the last one per cent: progress and challenges in global polio eradication.
1Division of Viral Diseases, G-10, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. OKew@cdc.gov
Current Opinion in Virology
|April 10, 2012
Summary
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has drastically reduced polio cases but faces challenges. Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, particularly type 2, hinder the final push to eradicate all poliovirus transmission.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Global Health Initiatives
Background:
- The World Health Organization's Global Polio Eradication Initiative, launched in 1988, has achieved over a 99% reduction in global polio incidence.
- Significant progress was made by 2000, but the final 1% of cases has proven difficult to eliminate.
- Gains in India and Nigeria have been countered by persistent endemicity in Pakistan and Afghanistan, with reseeding causing major outbreaks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the progress and persistent challenges in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
- To identify factors hindering the complete eradication of poliovirus.
- To highlight the ongoing threat posed by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses.
Main Methods:
- Review of global polio incidence data since 1988.
- Analysis of geographical distribution of wild poliovirus cases.
- Monitoring of vaccine-derived poliovirus emergence and transmission.
Main Results:
- Wild poliovirus type 2 eradicated in 1999; type 3 nearing eradication.
- Continued endemic transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
- Recurrent outbreaks due to reseeding of wild poliovirus into previously polio-free regions.
- Significant emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, especially type 2.
Conclusions:
- Despite substantial success, complete poliovirus eradication remains elusive.
- Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, particularly type 2, represent a critical obstacle to achieving global polio eradication.
- Sustained efforts are required to address the remaining endemic reservoirs and vaccine-derived virus challenges.
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