Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
Published on: December 8, 2023
Recombinant live vaccine candidates against tuberculosis
Stefan H E Kaufmann1, Martin Gengenbacher
1Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. kaufmann@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de
Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the most deadly health threats to humankind despite availability of several potent antibiotics and a vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG partially protects children but not adults from the disease. Growing knowledge of the molecular basis of infection, immunity, and pathology in TB has driven various approaches, which strive to complement or replace BCG with more effective vaccines. Three recombinant live TB vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials. These candidates have been genetically engineered to be attenuated, to overexpress TB antigens and/or to secrete bacterial perforins, ultimately seeking to trigger a robust immune response thereby providing long-lasting protection against TB.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

