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The pathogenesis of measles.
Rory D de Vries1, Annelies W Mesman, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
1Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Current Opinion in Virology
|April 10, 2012
Summary
Measles virus infects immune cells in airways, spreading through the body via lymphocytes. New research shows Nectin-4 receptor aids epithelial cell infection, potentially enhancing measles transmission.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Measles virus (MV) significantly impacts childhood health globally.
- MV transmission occurs through the respiratory route, leading to systemic illness.
- Recent discoveries challenge traditional understanding of measles pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the cellular entry mechanisms of Measles virus.
- To explore the role of newly identified cellular receptors in MV infection.
- To update concepts of measles pathogenesis based on recent findings.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on cellular receptors and animal models.
- Analysis of viral entry pathways in respiratory and lymphoid tissues.
- Investigation of epithelial cell infection via Nectin-4.
Main Results:
- MV likely enters via alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells.
- Systemic spread is facilitated by viremia from infected CD150+ lymphocytes.
- Nectin-4 receptor enables basolateral infection of epithelial cells.
Conclusions:
- MV pathogenesis involves complex interactions between immune and epithelial cells.
- Nectin-4 is crucial for efficient epithelial cell infection and viral spread.
- Understanding these mechanisms may inform strategies to control measles transmission.
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