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Bottom-up multitrophic effects in resprouting plants.

Mônica F Kersch-Becker1, Thomas M Lewinsohn

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. mf464@cornell.edu

Ecology
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant damage and nutrient addition alter plant traits, increasing herbivore attack and seed predation. These changes cascade through food webs, affecting predators and parasitoids in complex ways.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant-Animal Interactions
  • Community Ecology

Background:

  • Plant damage often triggers compensatory resprouting, altering plant traits like morphology and phenology.
  • Rapid regrowth can lead to less defended, nutrient-rich foliage, increasing susceptibility to herbivores.
  • The impact of plant regrowth on diverse arthropod guilds beyond folivores is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how clipping-induced plant resprouting and nutrient availability affect plant traits.
  • To determine the combined and separate effects of resprouting and nutrient addition on various herbivore guilds (chewing, sap-sucking, galling, seed predators).
  • To assess the cascading effects of these changes on the third trophic level (predators and parasitoids).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of plant resprouting via clipping.
  • Addition of nutrients to assess their interaction with resprouting effects.
  • Quantification of plant trait changes (morphological, phenological).
  • Assessment of herbivore abundance, diversity, and damage (leaf consumption, galls, seed predation).
  • Monitoring of predator and parasitoid incidence.

Main Results:

  • Resprouted plants exhibited distinct morphological and phenological traits compared to undamaged plants.
  • Seed predation, infestation rates, richness, and diversity of seed predators increased on resprouted plants.
  • Leaf consumption by chewing herbivores was four times higher on resprouted plants.
  • Gall numbers decreased, while sap-sucking and leaf-chewing insect abundance remained unaffected.
  • Predator and parasitoid incidence increased on resprouted and nutrient-enriched plants, but less so than herbivore increases.

Conclusions:

  • Plant resprouting significantly alters plant traits and benefits multiple herbivore guilds, particularly chewing herbivores and seed predators.
  • Nutrient availability can modulate the effects of resprouting on arthropod communities.
  • The impacts of plant regrowth and nutrient enrichment propagate through food webs via distinct tri-trophic pathways.