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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

Strategic control in decision-making under uncertainty.

Vinod Venkatraman1, Scott A Huettel

  • 1Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Strategic meta-decision processes help simplify complex choices under uncertainty. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a key role in this strategic control, with distinct subregions managing different aspects of decision-making.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
09:07

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Complex decisions often involve uncertainty, requiring strategic meta-decision processes.
  • The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is implicated in flexible behavioral control.
  • Previous research primarily linked dmPFC to executive function, not complex decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence demonstrating the dmPFC's contribution to strategic control in complex decision-making.
  • To explore the functional topography within the dmPFC related to decision control.
  • To propose specific computational roles for dmPFC subregions in decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on decision-making and prefrontal cortex function.
  • Analysis of functional topography within the dmPFC.
  • Examination of how anterior dmPFC activation influences decision problem representation.

Main Results:

  • The dmPFC contributes significantly to strategic control in complex decision-making.
  • Posterior dmPFC supports response control, while anterior dmPFC supports strategic control.
  • Anterior dmPFC activation reflects changes in decision problem representation, influencing brain-wide computations.

Conclusions:

  • The dmPFC has generalized roles in cognitive control and specific subregional functions in decision-making.
  • Strategic control mediated by the dmPFC is crucial for navigating complex choices.
  • These findings extend to decision-making in social and interpersonal contexts.