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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Hepatitis A: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries.

Elisabetta Franco1, Cristina Meleleo, Laura Serino

  • 1Elisabetta Franco, Laura Zaratti, Department of Public Health, University Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

World Journal of Hepatology
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection rates are declining globally due to improved sanitation and vaccination. However, intermediate endemicity areas see increased adult infections, necessitating targeted hepatitis A vaccination strategies, especially in developing nations.

Keywords:
Developing countriesEndemicityHepatitis ASeroprevalenceVaccine

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Comprehensive &amp; Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis A is a prevalent global cause of acute viral hepatitis.
  • Endemicity varies geographically, linked to socioeconomic and sanitation factors.
  • Seroprevalence is decreasing globally but remains high in early childhood in less developed regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological data on Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection.
  • To analyze the implementation of vaccination strategies for HAV.
  • To focus on the impact and strategies in developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on HAV seroprevalence.
  • Analysis of vaccination program implementation and outcomes.
  • Focus on socioeconomic factors influencing HAV transmission.

Main Results:

  • Global HAV seroprevalence is declining, but shifts in age at infection are occurring.
  • Intermediate endemicity areas face outbreaks due to increased adult susceptibility.
  • Improved socioeconomic conditions, sanitation, and vaccination contribute to reduced infection rates.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination programs are crucial for populations with high susceptible adult proportions.
  • Targeted hepatitis A vaccination strategies are essential, particularly in developing countries.
  • Continued monitoring of epidemiological trends and vaccination impact is necessary.