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Problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE) is a systematic approach to documentation used in healthcare settings for clinical decision-making and patient care planning. It is a structured approach to organizing patient data based on problems, interventions, and evaluations. Here's a breakdown of its key features and considerations:

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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Published on: September 11, 2021

Lessons from the English National Programme for IT about structure, process and utility.

Matthew Swindells¹, Simon de Lusignan

¹Global Consulting, Cerner, London, UK.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

|April 12, 2012

Summary

Effective health data sharing via information systems requires clinically oriented, patient-accessible national IT systems. Lessons from the UK

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Published on: September 11, 2021

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Area of Science:

Health Informatics
Health Services Research
Information Systems in Healthcare

Background:

Large-scale health IT deployments often face significant challenges.
The UK's National Programme for IT (NPfIT) serves as a case study for eHealth initiatives.
Effective health data sharing is crucial for safer and more efficient healthcare systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically appraise the UK National Programme for IT.
To identify lessons learned from large-scale eHealth projects for international application.
To analyze the impact of the NPfIT at various healthcare levels.

Main Methods:

Combined Donabedian's classic evaluation methods with Pawson's realistic review.
Analyzed impacts at health service, locality/major provider, and client-service levels.
Examined the influence of Electronic Patient Record (EPR) systems and financial incentives.

Main Results:

Financial incentives and clinically integrated interventions (e.g., unique identifiers, registries) promoted IT uptake.
Vendor-specific EPR systems influenced data recording and care delivery.
While EPR use at the point of care initially increased time, it improved record usability and quality.

Conclusions:

National IT systems must be clinically focused, patient-accessible, and supported by secure, standardized back-office systems.
Interoperability through secure messaging and information sharing is essential.
Learning from past large-scale deployments can guide future successful eHealth implementations globally.