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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
04:42

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

The Western Surgical Concern Inventory-Thyroid: development and initial validation.

Michael G Brandt1, Jason H Franklin, Heather A Osborn

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|April 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients considering thyroidectomy have stable preoperative concerns, with women prioritizing scar appearance and men focusing on resuming daily activities. This study developed a tool to assess these patient worries.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy patients experience significant preoperative uncertainties.
  • Objective assessment tools are needed to characterize patient concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an objective assessment tool for preoperative concerns in patients considering thyroidectomy.
  • To identify specific patient concerns related to thyroid nodule management.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving 30 patients with intermediate-risk thyroid nodules.
  • Utilized a novel 18-item questionnaire administered twice to assess test-retest reliability.
  • Analyzed descriptive statistics and inter-rater reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

  • The developed questionnaire demonstrated fair-to-excellent test-retest reliability (correlation 0.467-0.954).
  • Between-rater reliability was consistent (intraclass correlation 0.52-0.86).
  • Women expressed greater concern about scar appearance, while men focused on resuming daily activities.

Conclusions:

  • Patient concerns regarding thyroidectomy are stable in the early preoperative period.
  • The Western Surgical Concern Inventory-Thyroid is a validated tool for assessing patient concerns.
  • This tool can enhance patient counseling and evaluate preoperative education effectiveness.