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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Lung function in hyper IgE syndrome.

P Roxo1, L A G M Torres, U P Menezes

  • 1Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. persiorj@fmrp.usp.br

Pediatric Pulmonology
|April 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyper IgE syndrome (HIgES) patients can develop severe lung complications like pneumatoceles and bronchiectasis. Early spirometry is crucial for managing these respiratory infections and their sequelae in HIgES.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hyper IgE syndrome (HIgES) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated IgE levels.
  • Recurrent sinopulmonary infections are a hallmark of HIgES.
  • Pneumatoceles and bronchiectasis are known but severe pulmonary sequelae.

Observation:

  • A case of HIgES presenting with recurrent pneumonias from infancy.
  • Progressive lung disease with development of pneumatoceles and bronchiectasis.
  • Fatal outcome due to disseminated infection, with suspected allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Findings:

  • Sequential spirometric assessment was performed throughout the patient's clinical course.
  • The study highlights the early onset and progression of respiratory infections and pulmonary sequelae.
  • Early functional diagnosis and follow-up are critical for managing HIgES-related lung disease.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the severe pulmonary manifestations of HIgES.
  • Emphasizes the importance of early and consistent pulmonary function testing in HIgES patients.
  • Highlights the need for comprehensive management strategies for lung complications in HIgES.