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Updated: May 23, 2026

Basic Surgical Techniques in the Göttingen Minipig: Intubation, Bladder Catheterization, Femoral Vessel Catheterization, and Transcardial Perfusion
Published on: June 26, 2011
NOTES: basic and advanced surgical applications outside of the urological field
Antonello Forgione1, Ricardo Zorron
1AIMS, Advanced International Mini-Invasive Surgery Academy, Milan, Italy. antonello.forgione@aimsacademy.org
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) advances scarless surgery. This review highlights clinical evidence and ongoing research in NOTES for complex surgical conditions.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Innovation
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) was introduced a decade ago.
- NOTES aims to achieve scarless surgery, pushing the boundaries of minimally invasive techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical evidence for NOTES applications.
- To inform about ongoing research in NOTES for complex surgical diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing clinical evidence and ongoing research in NOTES.
- Analysis of advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Main Results:
- Numerous NOTES applications have been reported globally.
- Significant progress has been made towards scarless surgery.
Conclusions:
- NOTES represents a significant advancement in surgical innovation.
- Continued research is crucial for expanding NOTES applications to more complex conditions.
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