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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors.

Maria Thom1, Ingmar Blümcke, Eleonora Aronica

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. M.Thom@ucl.ac.uk

Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (LEATs) are low-grade brain lesions often linked to drug-resistant epilepsy. Improved classification and understanding of their epileptogenic potential are crucial for effective surgical management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Epileptology
  • Neuro-oncology

Background:

  • Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (LEATs) are low-grade, slow-growing cortical lesions found in patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Gangliogliomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are common LEAT types, often exhibiting neuronal and glial differentiation.
  • LEATs share features with focal cortical dysplasias (FCD type IIIb), highlighting a link between tumor and cortical malformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and clinical behavior of LEATs.
  • To emphasize the importance of neuropathological and molecular diagnostics in predicting tumor behavior.
  • To highlight the need for refined classification for better clinico-pathological-molecular correlation and surgical guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LEATs, including classification systems and diagnostic approaches.
  • Discussion of immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology in refining LEAT diagnosis.
  • Analysis of surgical outcomes and tumor recurrence patterns.

Main Results:

  • Surgical treatment is beneficial for most LEAT patients, managing both seizures and tumors.
  • A minority of LEATs may recur, regrow, or progress to higher grades.
  • Accurate classification remains challenging for some LEATs, especially those with diffuse growth patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate classification and understanding of LEATs are essential for predicting outcomes and guiding surgical interventions.
  • Advances in molecular pathology are improving diagnostic precision for LEATs.
  • Further research into the epileptogenic mechanisms of LEATs and associated cortical changes is needed to optimize patient management.