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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Extracavitary/solid variant of primary effusion lymphoma.

Yoonjung Kim1, Vasiliki Leventaki, Feriyl Bhaijee

  • 1Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare variant of HHV8-associated lymphoma, can present as solid tumors in patients with HIV. This study reports three such cases, emphasizing the need for HHV8 testing in anaplastic tumors.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection, typically affecting immunocompromised individuals.
  • PEL usually manifests as malignant effusions in body cavities without solid tumor formation.
  • Extracavitary PEL (EC-PEL) is a rare variant presenting as tumor masses, often in the absence of effusions.

Observation:

  • This report details three cases of EC-PEL in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Two patients presented with lymphadenopathy, and one had masses in the ileum and colon.
  • Tumors consisted of large anaplastic cells, with two cases showing "hallmark cells."

Findings:

  • All three EC-PEL cases tested positive for HHV8 and CD138 via immunohistochemistry.
  • One case expressed CD4 and CD30, and another was positive for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA.
  • B-cell differentiation markers were poorly expressed in all tumors, suggesting a distinct cellular origin.

Implications:

  • These findings underscore the importance of considering HHV8 in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic tumors in HIV-positive patients.
  • The study expands the understanding of EC-PEL presentation and contributes to the limited literature on this rare lymphoma variant.
  • Early detection and diagnosis of EC-PEL are crucial for appropriate patient management and treatment strategies.