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Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Published on: August 25, 2022

Triphasic low-dose response in zebrafish embryos irradiated by microbeam protons.

Viann Wing Yan Choi¹, Emily Hoi Wa Yum, Teruaki Konishi

¹Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.

Journal of Radiation Research

|April 14, 2012

Summary

Zebrafish embryos exposed to microbeam protons showed a triphasic dose-response in apoptosis. Low and high doses increased cell death, while intermediate doses exhibited hormesis, reducing apoptosis below background levels.

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Area of Science:

Radiobiology
Developmental Biology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Understanding cellular responses to radiation is crucial for radiation protection and medical applications.
Zebrafish embryos offer a valuable model for studying early developmental effects of radiation due to their transparency and rapid development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dose-response relationship of apoptosis in zebrafish embryos following targeted microbeam proton irradiation at the 2-cell stage.
To explore the potential for radiation-induced bystander and rescue effects in developing zebrafish embryos.

Main Methods:

Dechorionated zebrafish embryos at the 2-cell stage were irradiated with varying doses of microbeam protons (0.75 hpf).
Apoptosis levels were quantified at 25 hpf using terminal dUTP transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and confocal microscopy.

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Both single-cell and dual-cell irradiation scenarios were analyzed.

Main Results:

A triphasic dose-response for apoptosis was observed when both cells were irradiated: increased apoptosis at <30 mGy, hormesis (reduced apoptosis) at 30-60 mGy, and increased apoptosis again at >90 mGy.
Single-cell irradiation also suggested a triphasic response, though initial low-dose effects were not significantly different from background.
Evidence of radiation-induced bystander and rescue effects was observed, particularly in embryos with unirradiated cells.

Conclusions:

Zebrafish embryos exhibit complex, non-linear dose-response patterns to microbeam proton irradiation, including a hormetic effect.
The study highlights the significance of radiation-induced bystander and rescue effects in early development.
These findings contribute to a better understanding of low-dose radiation biology and its implications.